Middle eastern countries map9/13/2023 ![]() What would become Syria and Lebanon fell under French rule, while Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait were placed under British control. After WWI, however, the British and French reneged on their promise to give the Arabs of the Middle East independence, and instead, divided the region between themselves. In exchange for the promise of independence, Arab forces in the Arabian Peninsula helped the French and British conquer the Fertile Crescent. Indeed, the Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula were a vital ally of the West against the Ottoman Turks during the war. World War I was the dawn of the Arab independence movement. On the eve of the First World War, France was in control of modern-day Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, while Italy controlled the territory of what would become Libya. The British wrested Egypt from the Ottomans in the late 19 th century. France began seizing control of what became the country of Algeria in the early 19 th century. Taking advantage of this decline were European colonial powers. By the late 16 th century, the Turkish Ottoman Empire controlled most of the Arab world, and would continue to rule it for the next two centuries.īy the early 19 th century, however, Ottoman rule in the Arab lands began to decline. From that point onward, several Turkic dynasties, including the Seljuks, Mamluks, and finally the Ottomans, governed parts of the Arab world. In the 11 th century, Turkic peoples from Central Asia began migrating into the Middle East. By the end of the 7 th century, most of what is now Northern Africa was in Arab hands.įor the next three hundred years, the Arab lands of Northern Africa and the Middle East were governed by a succession of caliphates and other dynasties. The Arab conquest of Northern Africa began two years later. The city of Jerusalem, for example, was captured by the Arabs in 638 CE. Within a few years after Mohammed’s death, the Arabs had conquered the entire Fertile Crescent region. They followed the Muslim conquests that were made following the death of the Prophet Mohammed. After the Islamic religion was founded, however, the Arabs began migrating out of their native Arabia. Until the 7 th century CE, the vast majority of Arabs lived only in the area of the Arabian Peninsula for which they are named. Origins of the Arab Countries Muslims praying in Eyup Sultan mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. ![]() Today, more than 450 million people live in the world’s Arab countries. By the mid-20 th century, however, most of the Arab world consisted of independent states. For centuries, what now constitutes the Arab countries of the world were controlled by foreign rulers. Originally confined to the Arabian Peninsula, the Arabs migrated into the Fertile Crescent and Northern Africa, following the Muslim conquests of those areas. The Arab countries are 19 countries located in the Middle East and Northern Africa, in which the vast majority of the population is of ethnic Arab origin and/or speaks the Arabic language (this excludes Western Sahara, which is not internationally recognized as an independent country). ![]()
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